ARTICLE 99
Conduct of business of Federal Government:—(1) All executive actions of the Federal Government shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President.
(2) The Federal Government shall by rules specify the manner in which orders and other instruments made and executed in the name of the President shall be authenticated, and the validity of any order or instrument so authenticated shall not be questioned in any court on the ground that it was not made or executed by the President.
(3) The Federal Government shall also make rules for the allocation and transaction of its business.
— Arts. 90, 91 & 99 — Exercise of executive authority — Conduct of business of the Federal Government — Scope — Neither the Prime Minister nor the members of the Federal Cabinet are permitted to perform their functions beyond the legal provisions i.e. the Constitution, statutory law, and the rules — Needless to mention, nobody is above the law — It is the duty of Supreme Court to protect rights and interests established under the law and to prevent the enjoyment of rights created under an invalid law or through the misuse of legal authority — In this backdrop, any action that is void ab initio and without lawful authority cannot be protected under the doctrine of a ‘past and closed transaction’. [2025 SCLR 16 = 2025 SCMR 104 = 2024 SCP 308]