ARTICLE 90
90. The Federal Government:—(1) Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation.
(2) In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through the Federal Ministers.
— Arts. 90, 91 & 99 — Exercise of executive authority — Conduct of business of the Federal Government — Scope — Neither the Prime Minister nor the members of the Federal Cabinet are permitted to perform their functions beyond the legal provisions i.e. the Constitution, statutory law, and the rules — Needless to mention, nobody is above the law — It is the duty of Supreme Court to protect rights and interests established under the law and to prevent the enjoyment of rights created under an invalid law or through the misuse of legal authority — In this backdrop, any action that is void ab initio and without lawful authority cannot be protected under the doctrine of a ‘past and closed transaction’. [2025 SCLR 16 = 2025 SCMR 104 = 2024 SCP 308]