13. Protection against double punishment and self incrimination

No person—

(a) shall be prosecuted or punished for the same offence more than once; or

(b) shall, when accused of an offence, be compelled to be a witness against himself.

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— Inviolability of dignity of man — Right to privacy — Guarding Mobile Phone Privacy — Use of mobile data as evidence amounts to self-incrimination — Scope — Extracting data from a phone colours the testimony, in such case, as revealing the contents of one’s own mind which amounts to self-incrimination — Therefore, civil rights advocates say that the government can’t force anybody to tell them phone’s password — However, information collected from cell phone of an accused if reveals something the government already knew, and the government can prove that prior knowledge, then no question of self-incrimination arises. [2024 CCJ 1 = 2024 PCrLJ 1 = 2023 LHC 4087]